Monday, November 13, 2017

How Surfing and Yoga Help to Build a Strong Body and Mind?


Surfing and The Mind


One of the things that I love the most about surfing is how mental the sport is. Surfing forces me to constantly challenge myself, not only physically but also mentally. 

Every surf session is like a mental toughness training session for me, and I'm all about mental training. As a matter of fact, yoga is not just physical training.Yoga is, above all, mental training.

Although surfing is a very physical sport most of my energy goes into trying to remain calm, focused and to feel confident. The more confident you are the more waves you can catch and the better you can surf.

If you want to improve your surfing skills you need to develop your self confidence, and by improving your surfing your self confidence also goes up. It's a self-reinforcing cycle.

One of my biggest challenges, and probably the main challenge for other beginner and intermediate surfers, is to get on the right spot to catch the waves. 

Even though you might know where the right spot is you still need to feel calm and confident to be able to paddle to that spot, either because of the size of the waves, the threat of reefs or rocks, or the presence of other more experienced surfers.

You also need to be able to remain calm and cool after missing a wave or getting wiped out. This is a really important skill. If you fail to do so then you'll inevitably get wiped out again, and again, and again. 

That's the way the mind plays tricks with us. Although nobody likes to be embarrassed by getting wiped out right in front of other surfers eyes, our fears inevitably have to manifests. 

But it's not just an ego thing, it is also an important self preservation mechanism. The more waves you miss, or the more you get wiped out, the less other surfers will respect your spot on the lineup.

This self confidence comes with experience and practice, the more you surf the better you get at it, but it can also be trained and developed to make the process faster.

How Yoga Complements Surfing - The Mental Game


This is where yoga can help. A complete yoga practice teaches us how to breath properly and it helps to develop self awareness, not only of the physical body but also of our inner states. 

The more aware we are about our emotional responses to different situations the more we are able to work with them or prepare for them in advance.

We can train our minds to develop self confidence and to remain calm in specific challenging situations by using simple visualizations techniques and breath work. 

See yourself in one of those situations where your confidence is challenged, either in front of big waves, crowded lineups or whatever that is, and then using your imagination replace those feelings by a sense of calm, tranquility and self confidence. 

This is done in combination with the breath. 

While you do your visualization you want to keep a slow-deep-rhythmic-breathing pattern, using the diaphragm properly; no chest breathing. You want to keep the breath calm and relaxed to trigger the relaxation response.

Actually before you start your visualization you should first observe this slow-deep-rhythmic-breathing pattern for at least five minutes.

If you do this properly you will certainly notice a difference next time you are out there in the lineup, but once you are out there, whenever you notice that anxiety or fear starts to impede your skills, take a little break to take a few slow deep breaths and calm yourself down.

It is not easy but it is possible. 

You can also practice self study by analyzing your emotional responses. 

What about those situations makes you feel anxious or fearful? How is that fear serving you? You can use your spiritual journal to have a dialogue with yourself and to answer these questions.

When you are able to identify what are the unconscious believes that are holding you back, creating these emotional responses, you can replace those beliefs for the ones that you do want to have. 

Yes, I have tried all this myself, that's why I can talk about it, and I can tell you that all these tips do help. Don't expect miracles, though. 

Surfing and the Body


The other reason why I love surfing so much is because the effect surfing has in my body. 

So far I've been three times to Arugam Bay for surfing, and every single time my body goes through big changes. 

I can perceive these changes in my body just after two or three weeks. My metabolism increases to levels that I have never experienced before.

It doesn't matter how much food I eat during the day, the next morning my belly feels as if I had fasted for a few days. And it doesn't matter how large my meals are, within thirty minutes to an hour I feel empty and hungry again. 

My body seems to be burning fat even during my sleep, and even throughout the days when I'm not surfing but just resting.

My abdomen gets firm and flat. It actually feels as if I was sucking my belly in although I'm just relaxed. Even my body posture changes. 

I've always done bodyweight training regularly, but when my body enters this high metabolic state, after surfing for just a few weeks, one push up has the result of thirty normal push ups, and the effects seems to last much longer. I feel pumped throughout the day. 

An unexpected comment

Last time I was in A-Bay, back in July, after teaching one of my yoga classes at Hideaway, a resort in A-Bay, one guy approached me and asked me what I do to keep my body so toned. Then he specifically asked me what I would I recommend to get that same definition in his arms.

First I laughed when he said that. I was like, "What? Who? Me?" I think I'm too skinny, still trying to put on weight, but I was definitely aware that my body had changed a lot in those few weeks in A-Bay.

So I told him that the secret is surfing. I definitely didn't look that way before reaching Sri Lanka. If I got a bit lean or toned it all happened in A-Bay. 

I wasn't sure though how exactly I looked, but a few days later when my friend Tobi made some photos of me while surfing and while teaching yoga, I was able to understand what that dude in my yoga class was talking about. 
Yoga Class for Surfers at Arugam Bay

Yoga Class for Surfers at Arugam Bay

Surfing at Okanda Beach




What causes these changes?

I have always being very active. I practice yoga, I do bodyweight training, I used to go to the gym when I was living a "normal life," but I've never ever looked or felt the same way that I have felt after surfing for a few weeks. 

I'm not 100% sure what exactly causes these changes in my body but I guess it is due to combination of different factors, which I'll explain below. The main one is of course surfing.

Surfing as Hight Intensity Interval Training

I think surfing, like sprinting, probably falls in the category of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT).
"HIIT is a cardio session arranged as short bursts of very hard work. The whole point of high-intensity training is to kick up the intensity of your cardio. In order to qualify as true HIIT, you’ll need to push yourself to the max during every set. That’s why they’re short—anywhere from 20 to 90 seconds, typically."

"Numerous studies have shown that working your hardest is key when it comes to boosting endurance, increasing metabolism, regulating insulin levels, and losing body fat. “All exercise helps burn fat by burning calories,” says fitness expert and celebrity trainer Rob Sulaver. But, he adds, “more intense exercise burns more fat,” and that's part of the reason HIIT is so popular."

"Recovering before the next interval is essential, and here’s the reason why: Forcing your body to repeatedly acclimate between two very different states provides excellent cardio conditioning. “When the body works to adapt from the anaerobic (high-intensity) period to the low-intensity recovery period in HIIT, this workload results in high caloric expenditure, which can lead to fat loss,” explains Cohen."

source: www.self.com

Every time that you paddle to catch a wave, or whenever you want to paddle back to the lineup, you exert yourself with intensity for shorts periods of time, and then you rest till the next wave comes.

And since surfing is so fun and addictive you do this for at least two hours with no problem at all!

High Doses of Vitamin D

Another key factor that I'm 100% sure influences this response in my body is the sun.

I feel that when I surf during the day, bearing the strong sun rays, my metabolism increases even more. It might not be good for the skin but for sure it feels amazing in the rest of my body.

During my second visit to A-Bay I was surfing mainly in the afternoons, around 4 pm. I did notice the difference. I didn't feel the increase in my metabolism as I did in the other two occasions, that's for sure. 

Beach Diet

The third main reason is the beach diet.

I don't have any specific diet. Since I'm a nomad yoga teacher my diet changes depending on the place where I'm living, but it is usually mainly a vegetarian diet.

I normally try to eat as healthy and as conscious as I can, but at the same time I try to give my body whatever I think it needs.

When I visited A-Bay for the first time I was having a vegetarian diet for a long while, maybe more than a year.

I wanted to stay vegetarian but after ten days of surfing two to four hours per day I realized that that diet was definitely not sustainable, at least not that asian vegetarian diet.

My body needed more than just rice, veg curry and coconut sambol, the typical Sri Lankan lunch. I had to add more protein to my diet so I decided to start eating fish, and ever since that's what I do whenever I'm back at the beach for surfing.

During my last visit to A-Bay I tried to eat more fat and less sugar, dairy and wheat (please notice that I said, "less" and not "zero"). It was very clear though that I had to eat that peanut butter toast to keep up!

This was my typical diet last time I was surfing in Arugam Bay
  • Breakfast: Avocado, banana, dates juice. Two fried eggs or fried fish.
  • Lunch: Sri Lankan fish rice and curry. Typically lots of rice, two vegetable curries and fried fish or fish curry.
  • Snack: Peanut butter toast or guacamole toast (right after lunch). Oh I love the peanut butter toast at Beach Hut.
  • Dinner: Sri Lankan fish rice and curry. Once in a while pasta, pizza or fish deviled.

Increased levels of physical activity

The fourth reason is simply being very active.

Like I mentioned before I do bodyweight training about three times a week, and I practice yoga about six times per week. I think all that physical activity on top of surfing makes the difference.

Since I'm living a nomadic lifestyle I have a very simple bodyweight training routine but it is only when I am surfing that I can really see and feel the changes in my body after doing this routine. 

I normally train for about forty-five min to one hour max. Basically I do either upper body training or lower body training, three sets of each exercise.

Upper Body
  • Push ups
  • Biceps with elastic bands
  • Dips with two chairs
  • Shoulder push ups
  • Handstands
Lower Body
  • Squats
  • Lounges
  • One legged squats

How Yoga Complements Surfing - Working the Body


Staying strong and supple

Although I don't consider yoga part of my fitness routine, it does add up. The practice of yoga asanas (postures) does help to develop stamina, to keep a strong core and toned muscles.

But a good yoga practice also helps to prepare the body for surfing, and it specially helps to overcome the negative effects of surfing. All that paddling and sitting in your board for hours make your shoulders and hip joints super tight.

Practicing yoga regularly helps to maintain the mobility and flexibility that I need in order to feel comfortable when surfing, which is also really important to prevent injuries.

If I didn't practice yoga I would probably feel stiff as a surfboard. Lol.

The power of breath 

The other main benefit of yoga is the breath training, one of the key aspects of a good yoga practice. 

Learning how to breath by using the diaphragm to its full capacity, becoming conscious of the three dimensional movement of the diaphragm, helps enormously to keep up with the intensity of the sport.

By activating the diaphragm properly you are able to use more of your lung capacity without much effort, starting your inhalations focusing on the bottom part of the lungs, the larger area of the lungs.

Staying Calm

Another way yoga helps is by learning to keep the body and the mind relaxed. 

As you learn how to maximize your lung capacity with yogic breathing practices you are also able to hold your breath longer during the inevitable wipeouts. But it is also important to remain calm so that you can hold your breath longer without struggling. 

Oh yes, I've been there many times. It's not a pleasant feeling but it does helps when I relax and let the wave pass. 

I always wonder how big wave surfers survive though. Those tiny waves that I've surfed, in comparison, already make me feel like I'm almost drowning. Lol.
Surfing at Okanda
Surfing at Okanda Beach, a beautiful spot near Arugam Bay

And a lot more

There are many other ways how yoga complement surfing, mentally and physically, like with whole body awareness, coordination, balance, core power and a lot more. I wrote about all these in more detail in:

Wednesday, November 1, 2017

       Hands ‘n feet ‘n winter – winter yoga pose 

How do you wake up to “strong” on a winter morning? How do you create “strong, vibrant and warm from the inside” when your fingers and toes are getting colder, reflecting the Yin aspect for this period? How do you energize yourself without running for the closest Starbucks triple espresso? Handstand!
If you are already practicing handstands, go right ahead and make it part of your morning routine; Brush your teeth, brush your hair, go stand on your hands, then style your hair and you are good to go on many levels – complexion, metabolism, energy levels, spark, inspiration, hormone balance and more.
And whenever you feel a bit of a down in the energy levels, a bit of a chill coming from inside, finger tips feeling frozen, toes starting to go numb – find a wall (if you need one ♥) and do your next handstand.
winter yoga pose
winter yoga pose
winter yoga pose

WINTER YOGA POSE – HANDSTAND

If you are new to handstands, there is a great practice to do – usually called “1/2” handstand;
Get into Adho Mukha Svanasana/ Downward Facing Dog with your heels touching the plinth on the wall.
If you start feeling strain on your wrists here it means your fingers are not strong enough yet. What you do then is keep practicing just this part and of course also Adho Mukha Svanasana as often as possible, stopping as soon as you feel your wrists. You will still get nearly all the benefits of a full handstand here already.
Keep rooting your fingers down and forwards as if you want to push the floor down and away from you.
Put one big toe as high up on the wall as possible – “as high up as possible” being very important here to make sure you don´t make it too heavy for yourself as we want to wake the energy up and preserve it, not exhaust it.
Exhale to your center|samana vayu|dantian|hara point|mula bandha|powerhouse|core – whatever name resonates with your practice and keep it strong as you keep in & exhaling through the nose, rooting & activating on the exhalation, elongating on the inhalation.
Allow your other foot to come up and place it next to the first one. Keeping all toes active, keep breathing as mentioned. On the exhalation you are attempting to push the wall all the way in to the neighbors house – or the next room – while keeping the hands and fingers active, rooting the opposite direction (away from the feet).
When your body says “done” come down in to Balasana|Childs Pose. Rest. Do one more, starting with the opposite foot. Childs Pose again. Gently roll up to a sit. Namasté.

8 Yoga Postures That Will Give You an Instant Detox



Seated Spinal Twist
Twisting poses are all about aiding in digestion, which encourages the elimination of wastes. Take this Seated Spinal Twist as deeply as you want to go.
  • Begin seated on your mat with your legs extended in front of you. Bend both knees, and place your left heel as close to your right sit bone as you can. Cross your right foot over your left knee, and plant it on the floor so your outer right ankle is next to your left knee.
  • Reach your right arm behind you, and place your palm on the floor. Cross your left elbow over your outer right thigh to gently increase the twist.
  • Gaze behind you and over your right shoulder, staying here for five breaths. Then release the twist, straighten your legs out in front of you, and do this pose with your left knee pointing up.
2.


Wide-Legged Forward Bend
Not only a great pose for opening tight hamstrings, allowing your head to fall below your heart in Wide-Legged Forward Bend also reverses the pull of gravity, encouraging circulation of blood throughout the body as well as fluid to your filtering lymph nodes. The folding motion also squeezes the belly, which moves things along for digestion.
  • Stand with your feet four or so feet apart, heels turned out slightly wider than the toes. Standing tall, interlace your hands behind you, pressing the heels of your palms together in a double fist.
  • Take a deep breath in, and slowly fold forward at the waist, lowering your hands as far as you can. Keep your spine long and straight as you breathe for five deep breaths. Engage your legs, and slowly rise up to stand.



3.


Open Side Fierce
If you want to strengthen your lower legs, Open Side Fierce will have your quads and glutes burning. This deep twist also aids in digestion. You'll feel the gentle pressure on your kidneys, liver, and spleen, which stimulates the removal of waste.
  • Stand with both feet together, bend your knees, and squat down, coming into Fierce Pose. Cross your right elbow over your left thigh, planting your right palm on the floor beside your left foot. If you can't reach all the way, just allow your fingers to hover in the air, as close to the floor as possible.
  • Extend your left arm straight up toward the ceiling, stacking your shoulders, and gaze at your lifted palm. Make sure both knees are parallel. Hold for five deep breaths.
  • Press into your feet, inhale to rise back up to Fierce, and exhale to repeat this pose on the right side, holding for another five breaths. Then rise back up to Fierce Pose, and straighten the legs.


4.
Three-Legged Down Dog
Holding your head below your heart and your leg lifted in the air in this variation of Down Dog encourages blood to circulate throughout the body, as well as move fluid to the lymph nodes. If your upper body is strong, this pose can also be very relaxing, which aids in mental detox as well, releasing stress, fear, and sadness.
  • Come onto your hands and knees, so your hands are shoulder-width distance apart, with your knees directly below each hip. Tuck your toes and straighten your legs, coming into Downward Facing Dog.
  • Keeping your shoulders parallel with the floor, step both feet together and raise your right leg into the air. After five deep breaths, lower the leg and repeat this pose with the left leg lifted.

5.

Seated Heart Opener
Poor posture can stifle proper lung function, and doing this Seated Heart Opener encourages lengthening of the spine so your lungs can fully expand and contract with each breath. Healthy, deep breathing encourages the body to eliminate carbon dioxide, lactic acid, lymphatic fluid, and other wastes.
  • Begin seated on your shins.
  • Interlace your hands behind you in a double fist, pressing the heels of your palms together. Pull your pressed palms toward the floor, opening through the chest and shoulders.
  • After five breaths, release your hands.

6.

Head to Knee C
As bizarre as this pose looks, folding forward over your heel in this variation of Head to Knee Pose is meant to gently massage and stimulate your inner organs.
  • Begin in a seated position with both legs straight out in front of you.
  • Bend your right knee, and hold your right foot with your left hand. Bring your right arm under your right leg, and reach around to grab on to the arch with your right hand.
  • Pull your right toes down gently, and place the sole of your right foot against your left inner thigh so your right heel is pointing up.
  • Lengthen through the spine, and fold your torso over your left leg. Place your hands on the floor on either side of your leg or on your shin. If your hamstrings and hips are more flexible, reach for your foot — the right hand holds the left wrist.
  • Rest your forehead on your leg, and stay here for five breaths. Continue lengthening the spine as you relax the shoulders away from your ears.
  • Then release your hands, sit up, and switch sides.


7.
Locust
This pose strengthens the back of the body, but the pressure on your abdomen also encourages digestion.
  • Lie on your belly with your legs together. Place your arms by your sides with your palms facing up.
  • As you inhale, lift your legs, head, and upper body off the floor. Your hands remain on the floor for support.
  • As you breathe, relax your shoulders and the muscles in your bum. Extend the crown of your head away from your toes, lengthening as much as you can through your spine.
  • Hold for five breaths, and then release back to the mat.


8.

Bound Headstand
Another pose where your heart is above your head, Headstand removes toxins in the circulatory and lymphatic systems. This is also a pose that's typically held for 10 breaths or longer, and focusing on deep breaths clears out carbon dioxide from the lungs.
  • If you're new to this pose, sit facing a wall. Place your clasped fingers and head on the floor about eight inches or so away from the wall.
  • Straighten your legs, and walk your feet toward your head. Bend one knee, and tuck it into your chest. Using your abs and hamstring flexibility, lift your other leg off the floor so both knees are tucked into your chest, in a pose called Bound Headstand Prep: Tuck.
  • With complete control, slowly lift and straighten both legs up, coming into Bound Headstand. If balancing is hard, bend one knee and place the sole of your foot on the wall.
  • Hold for five, 10, or more breaths. Then slowly bend your knees into your chest, lower your feet to the floor, and rest in Child's Pose.




     Yoga for Stress


Do you feel great? Alive and vital? If not, consider the role that stress might be playing in your life.
Stress can greatly diminish our energy. Stress quite literally robs us of our vitality. We live in an
increasingly stressful world and the potential for the experience of stress comes at us from many
places: work, relationships, current events, life events, social media and information overload can all
create the sensation of stress in our bodies and minds.
Thankfully, yoga and the tools of yoga offer us a way forward to a healthier and happier way of
being. There are three simple steps that you can take right now, utilizing what you’ve already
learned from your practice.
#1 – Shift your attitude. Studies have found that those people who believe that stress will kill them,
do in fact die from stress related and stress induced illnesses. Rather than allowing yourself to hold
such a powerfully negative view, shift into seeing the power of the positive. When you feel yourself
experiencing stress, rather than freak out- affirm that this is what it feels like when your healthy body
responds to challenge. This one simple shift could save your life.
#2 – Move! Get out there and move! Move your body in yoga- any yoga practice or run or walk or
skate or swim or- you get the idea. Our stress response is created through our sympathetic nervous
system. This system reacts to a true life threat in the same way as the experience of traffic making
us late for work. There is no distinguishing the levels of threat- just the same reaction. Our bodies
prepare us for stress by enabling us to run or fight. One of the ways that we can release some of
that response is by moving our bodies.
#3 – Breathe. Allow yourself to not only notice your breath but also begin to work with it. Simple
pranayama (breathing techniques) are incredibly effective in shifting and handling the energy of
stress. Next time you feel stressed- shift your breath- begin to breathe long and deep. Do a practice
of equal inhale/exhale. Allow yourself to inhale for a count of 5 and exhale for the same count. A few
minutes of this will shift your entire perspective and you will begin to feel better right away.

YOGA FOR LIFE: AN INTEGRAL                                  APPROACH


Brief History of Yoga

history of yoga 1Yoga was developed in ancient India, approximately during the period of 3300 to 1900 BCE. For several centuries it was an oral tradition only – and in some aspects it continued to be like such for millennia to come.
The earliest written material about yoga is found in the Rig Veda, which was first written down between 1500 and 1200 BCE. On the other hand, some scholars point out that astronomical references in that book indicate that is must have been at least partially written in the fourth millennium BCE.
Yoga deeply influenced the development of several religious movements in Asia, including Buddhism (Buddha was a disciple of two Yogis), Jainism, Taoism, Sikhism and Sufism. Throughout the centuries, many different schools or types of Yoga have developed. The main ones are:
  • Raja Yoga / Patanjali Yoga
  • Jnana Yoga
  • Bhakti Yoga
  • Karma Yoga
  • Hatha Yoga (including all it’s modern developments)
  • Kriya Yoga
  • Tantra Yoga (including Mantra, Kundalini, Laya, Nada, and Hatha yogas)
Here is an interesting documentary covering some basic concepts in each of these paths.
In the late 19th century, Yoga made its way to the West through Swami Vivekananda, who spoke at the Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in 1893. This kindled a strong interest in Yoga, and opened doors for many other masters to visit the US and Europe.
If you want to learn more about the history of Yoga, check out this article and this video. Or go through the most complete book on the subject, The Yoga Tradition.

Many Levels of Yoga

There are four core aspects of Yoga practice: body, breath, mind, and life. These levels are an alternative reading of the eight “rungs” of Yoga, codified by Patanjali in his Yoga Sutras.

BODY

yoga asanasThe yoga postures (asanas), together with the practice of certain body locks (bandhas) and purification exercises (shatkarma), help us keep our body healthy, strong, flexible, and full of vitality. This aspect is what is most commonly known of Yoga, but it’s far from being the whole of it.
Some of the general benefits associated with the practice of asanas are:
  • Lowers blood pressure
  • Lowers blood sugar levels
  • Lowers production of cortisol (stress hormone)
  • Increases flexibility, core strength, and balance
  • Increases vitality and energy
  • Boosts your metabolism
  • Calms down the amygdala (the center of fear and anxiety in your brain)
  • Improves sleep quality
  • Improves posture
  • Improves immune system
  • Reduces chronic pain
Each pose also has particular health benefits and therapeutic effects. For example, the shoulder stand pose (sarvangasana) stimulates the thyroid gland, revitalises the ears and tonsils, and balances the digestive and endocrine systems.
From a secular point of view, a daily and well-rounded practice of Yoga postures is great preventive medicine, packed with several health benefits.
From a spiritual point of view, the goals of the physical practices are to:
  • Calm your body and mind before meditation
  • Prepare your body for sitting motionless during long meditation sessions
  • Free your body from disease, so that the practice need not be interrupted or weakened
  • Make you more resistant to cold, heat, hunger and pain, so that you are less distracted in practice
  • Increase your vitality (because going into deep meditation requires tremendous energy)
  • Increase your life-span (so you can meditate more)
Indeed, a healthy and strong body is a great foundation for deep meditation practice. It is also a benefit in itself, regardless of any interest in spirituality, for people of all walks of life (including kids).
On the other hand, when we practice the asanas carefully, these yoga poses themselves are a form of dynamic meditation. For that, turn off music and distractions, keep your mind focused on your body and breath, relax into the asanas, and remain at ease in the present moment.

BREATH

pranayama 2Another element is the yoga breathing exercises, called pranayama.
The breath and the mind are very tightly connected, so by working on the breath you can change your mental states, and vice-versa. Also, it is also much easier to calm your breath than to calm your mind, because the mind is rather subtle and volatile. So breath work is a powerful tool for physical health, emotional wellbeing, and meditation.
There are many different pranayama techniques, for different purposes. In general, though, they all involve taking a seated posture and breathing deeply (usually through the nose), in a specific pattern. In pranayama we
  • use abdominal breathing rather than chest breathing
  • make our breath as even, deep and smooth as possible
  • usually make our exhalation longer than the inhalation, to induce relaxation
  • learn to work with breath retention for extended periods of time (more advanced)
Below are some instructions for a very simple pranayama practice that anyone can do. I call it “Square Breathing”.
  • Breathe in counting 4 seconds
  • Hold your breath for 4 seconds
  • Breathe out for 4 seconds
  • Hold empty for 4 seconds
That makes up one cycle. Do 12 cycles like this, and your mind will be in a different state. It takes only about 4 minutes, and you can do it anytime, anywhere.
In this practice, breathing in and out should be done through the nose, and be as deep, even and silent as possible. If 4 seconds is too hard, you can do 3 seconds; if it’s too easy, you can increase the count to 5 or more.
From a secular point of view, the goal of pranayama is to oxygenate the blood, regulate your emotions, calm down the nervous system, and strengthen your rational brain (prefrontal cortex). Among other things, pranayama has been proven to help recover from PTSD (here and here).
From a spiritual point of view, the goals of pranayama are to:
  • Pacify the mind, making it calm, focused and introverted (pratyahara);
  • Increase your lifespan and health;
  • In the traditions of Kundalini Yoga, Kriya Yoga and Tantra Yoga: to purify the nadis,balance the vital energies of prana and apana, make prana flow through the center channel (sushumna) and awaken the kundalini. For these purposes, pranayama is accompanied with specific visualisations, mantras, locks (bandhas) and other yogic processes (all too technical to explain in this short article).
If you are looking to get started with pranayama, have a look at my Breath of Life program featured on Daily Yoga app (iOSAndroid).
To explore some of the scientific reasons behind pranayama, I recommend this video, by Dr. Roger Cole PhD.

MIND

yoga meditationThe major focus of Yoga is actually meditation, not postures. All yoga practices exist to prepare you to meditate effectively, and to support your meditation practice. When there is stillness and ease in the body (asanas), and evenness in the breath (pranayam), the mind is in a much better position to meditate properly.
As you can imagine, there are many methods of Yoga meditation. The most typical ones are:
  • Chakra meditation. This means focusing the mind on one of the seven main energy centers in the body, called chakras. This focus is usually accompanied with specific visualizations or mantras.
  • Mantra meditation. Also called japa, in this meditation the yogi keeps repeating a sacred word during the whole session, while at the same time focusing on a particular feeling related to that word. Examples of mantras are OMSo-HamRam, and Om Namah Shivaya.
  • Trataka.  This involves fixing the gaze on an external object, typically a candle, image or a symbol (yantras). It is done with eyes open, and then with eyes closed, to train both the concentration and visualization powers of the mind. After closing the eyes, you should still keep the image of the object in your “mind’s eye”.
The techniques also vary depending on the yogic tradition. In Tantra Yoga there is a great variety of meditations involving visualisation and energy work. In Bhakti Yoga, God is the object of concentration. In Jnana Yoga, it is the Absolute, or pure awareness.
Generally speaking, the yogic tradition has great flexibility as to meditation methods. It is said that the yogi can meditate “on whatever he/she prefers”. The general approach, though, is always concentration meditation.
From a secular perspective, the purpose of meditation practice is to improves one’s health, well-being, and performance (see here for meditation benefits).
From a spiritual perspective, the goals of meditation are to
  • (1) Purify the mind from negative emotions and thoughts;
  • (2) Liberate you from limiting beliefs and identifications;
  • (3) Achieve the superconscious state of Samadhi, which is Yoga’s highest tool;
  • (4) Ultimately achieve realization/enlightenment/liberation, which is also termed Self-Knowledge or union with God, depending on the philosophical metaphysics behind each Yoga style.

LIFESTYLE

yoga way of lifeAdopting Yoga as a way of life or a serious spiritual practice, invites us to integrate its core values  into our daily activities. This will support our practice goals, be they secular or spiritual.
Here are the 10 Life Principles of Yoga. These principles are not imposed. Rather, their value must be discovered by each person individually, in one’s practice and life.
Five Principles (yamas)
  • Nonviolence (ahimsa). Not causing harm to other beings or to ourselves through our body, words, and thoughts. Related virtues: compassion, kindness, modesty, love.
  • Truthfulness (satya). Not speaking falsehood. Also involves being truthful to yourself and sincere in your relationships. Related virtues: honesty, integrity, sincerity, reliability.
  • Non-stealing (asteya). Not taking what is not given. Related virtues: fairness, respect.
  • Continence (brahmacharya). For monks and ascetics (who invented Yoga), this means celibacy. For “city yogis”, it means not obsessing over sex, and also being responsible in ones sexual relationships. Related virtues: self-control, moderation, contentment.
  • Non-possessiveness (aparigraha). Not being attached to things, and living a simple life. It also means cultivating a mind free from greed and cravings. Related virtues: non attachment, contentment, simplicity.
Five Disciplines (niyamas)
  • Purity (saucha). Keeping the body clean, and the mind free of negative emotions and thought patterns.
  • Contentment (santosha). Cultivating an attitude of acceptance. Being cheerful and satisfied, here and now, regardless of external circumstances.
  • Self-Discipline (tapas). Intensive practice that stretches your limits and creates inner transformation. “Tapas” literally means heat.
  • Self-Study (swadhyaya). Introspection and self-reflection. It is the study of oneself, of one’s behavior patterns and intentions. It also means study of yogic texts.
  • Self-Surrender (ishvara-pranidhana). Surrender to a supreme Reality. For some this means faith in God; for others it is surrender into the source of being, the Self or Awareness.
In the beginning these principles might be felt as a limitation, or a sacrifice. But as you progress in your practice, you see that they are intelligent guidelines to help you make the best decisions in every circumstance, both for yourself and for those around you.
With time we start seeing that whenever we don’t follow these guidelines, we experience some sort of trouble as a result. When that happens, following these life disciplines becomes the same as following your bliss.

Yoga For Life

Yoga can give you much more than a flexible body. If you are ready to go deep, you will find a system of practice that can help you achieve mastery over yourself and great inner transformation. This is yoga for life!
Yoga is already quite popular in the West. My hope is that during this International Yoga Day we can help the deeper aspects of this art be more widely known and practiced. Especially meditation and the lifestyle disciplines.

WHAT YOGA MEANS TO ME


The first question we got asked during our yoga teacher training was “what does yoga mean to you”? Now don’t get me wrong, I had plenty of reasons to why I practice yoga, but I couldn’t find the words to answer this question. It wasn’t until recently that I found the answer to this question.
Before I would have told you that yoga helps you to find some peace of mind, balance even, and besides being great for the mind, yoga also does wonders to the body. Apart from this I would struggle to explain the deeper meaning of yoga. 
Note: Keep in mind that yoga could have a completely different meaning to you, which is ok. Yoga isn’t a fixed thing, neither are we, our perceptions are different, which makes us unique, yet the same. 
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Now, my answer would be quite different. The thing that transforms a simple gymnastics class into a yoga class is the connection to the breath, making it mindful. Working with the body to find resistance, while maintaining the breath, finding silence in the midst of a storm.
The mind and body will react to the postures creating resistance, some postures ask us to challenge ourselves and find our limits. Connecting to our breath helps us observe the body in these postures, what do you feel, and can you let it go?
In the end I can talk about this topic for ours, but you really have to experience it for yourself. You have to be ready to transform and grow. Because yoga isn’t just an exercise you do, a real yoga practice challenges us. You might even feel sensations or emotions you were unaware you had, stored deep inside ourselves.
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So what does yoga mean to me? Yoga to me is a lifestyle that isn’t limited to the yoga mat, my teacher would say that “the real yoga practice starts the moment you leave the yoga mat”, to which I’d have to agree. Yoga has transformed my life, helping me to be present and aware in everyday life. It challenges me, shakes me to my core, and there’s a lot of resistance, which I observe, and ultimately helps me grow.
Yoga helps me to find balance at times where I have non. It helps me breath and flow through life and be present to experience life as it is. But most importantly it has given me moments of bliss which I experience during and after my practice.

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